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20 August 2014, NYT: Militant Group Says It Killed American Journalist in Syria

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http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/03/world/middleeast/steven-sotloff-isis-execution.html

SEPT. 2, 2014

ISIS Says It Killed Steven Sotloff After U.S. Strikes in Northern Iraq

By MARK LANDLER and ERIC SCHMITT

WASHINGTON -- An Islamic militant group released a video on Tuesday showing the second beheading of an American hostage in two weeks and blamed President Obama for the killing. The video raised the pressure on the president to order military strikes on the group in its sanctuary in Syria.

The hostage, Steven J. Sotloff, is shown in the video kneeling like the previous victim, James Foley, [1] while a masked figure stands above, wielding a knife. Mr. Sotloff addresses the camera and describes himself as "paying the price" for Mr. Obama's decision to strike the group, the Islamic State in Iraq and Syria, in northern Iraq.

The apparent murder of Mr. Sotloff, 31, came despite televised pleas from his mother to the leader of ISIS seeking mercy for her son, a freelance journalist who was captured in northern Syria a year ago. Although the administration said it had not yet authenticated the video, members of Mr. Sotloff's family issued a statement saying they believed he had been killed.

The videotaped beheadings and threats by ISIS, which have followed its lightning conquest of broad areas of Syria and Iraq, have transformed the group into one of the most urgent threats facing a president who is also wrestling with crises from Ukraine to Gaza.

The killing raises difficult questions for Mr. Obama, who last Friday said he had not yet formulated a strategy for using military force against the militants in Syria. As news of Mr. Sotloff's death broke on Tuesday afternoon, just before Mr. Obama left for a weeklong trip to Europe and a NATO summit meeting, the White House struggled to deal with the implications for the president's policy.

"If genuine, we are appalled by the brutal murder of an innocent American journalist, and we express our deepest condolences to his family and friends," a spokeswoman for the National Security Council, Bernadette Meehan, said of the video.

The exact timing of Mr. Sotloff's killing was not clear. Many American counterterrorism and intelligence officials had assumed that he died earlier -- probably killed, they said, at the same time that Mr. Foley was murdered two weeks ago.

Yet the video, circulated by the SITE Intelligence Group, a research firm that tracks jihadist online postings, showed Mr. Sotloff with a beard and thin hair on his head. In the video of Mr. Foley's death, Mr. Sotloff appeared almost completely bald and had only stubble on his face.

This indicates that the videos were probably made at different times, as does an apparent reference by the masked man to American airstrikes near the Iraqi town of Amerli, [2] which the military carried out last weekend. Mr. Obama did not address the killing before leaving for Estonia, where he plans to reassure Baltic NATO allies in the face of Russia's incursions into Ukraine. Administration officials said he did not want to speak before intelligence agencies had authenticated the video.

White House officials said that Mr. Obama remained cautious about military strikes in Syria and that he was focused for now on developing a strategy and assembling a broad coalition of countries to deal with ISIS, one of several combatants in Syria's three-year-old civil war.

But the harrowing images of Americans with knives to their throats have given the threat from ISIS an emotional resonance and stoked calls on Capitol Hill and elsewhere for Mr. Obama to act more boldly. Some current and former counterterrorism officials said that although Mr. Obama would be under extraordinary pressure to retaliate, there were arguments against striking back.

"That pressure is often the enemy of good policy," said Daniel Benjamin, a former State Department counterterrorism coordinator and now a scholar at Dartmouth College. "There will be a clamor for the president to take military action, which may not be effective. If he conducts airstrikes and does not get the desired effect, there'll be pressure for more airstrikes, and then to put boots on the ground."

Senator Bill Nelson, a Florida Democrat and member of the Senate Armed Services Committee, said he would introduce a bill giving Mr. Obama authority to order airstrikes in Syria. Republicans and even some Democrats have criticized the president's admission last Friday that "we don't have a strategy yet" for combating ISIS there.

At the same time, some experts warned that it would be difficult to mount a rescue mission like the one that Army Delta Force commandos tried in July, when they raided an oil refinery near the Syrian city of Raqqa after receiving information that American hostages, and possibly others, were being held there. By the time the commandos arrived, the hostages were gone.

"The U.S. has been very successful on many occasions, but rescues, especially in disputed areas like Syria, are not remotely a sure thing," said Michael Leiter, the former director of the National Counterterrorism Center.

As horrifying as this latest killing was, some former officials predicted that it would have little effect on Mr. Obama's deliberations.

"Steve Sotloff's murder was anticipated," said Steven Simon, a former director on the National Security Council. "The unresolved issues relate to escalation within Syria." The farther west the United States strikes ISIS, he said, the more it will be seen as intervening on behalf of President Bashar al-Assad in the Syrian civil war.

On Tuesday evening, the White House announced that it had authorized a State Department request for 350 additional troops in Iraq "to protect our diplomatic facilities and personnel in Baghdad." That would bring the number of American armed forces in Iraq to more than 1,100.

"The additional joint forces will come from within the U.S. Central Command area of operations and will include a headquarters element, medical personnel, associated helicopters and an air liaison team," the Pentagon said in a statement.

The Sotloff video was staged much like the one with Mr. Foley. Mr. Sotloff, wearing an orange jumpsuit, said: "Your foreign policy of intervention in Iraq was supposed to be about the preservation of American lives and interests. So why is it that I'm having to pay the price of your interference with my life?"

A masked fighter speaking in British-accented English -- similar to the disguised person in the Foley video -- then declared, "I'm back, Obama, and I'm back because of your arrogant foreign policy towards the Islamic State."

The video, titled "A Second Message to America," ends with the masked figure saying, "Just as your missiles continue to strike our people, our knife will continue to strike the necks of your people."

The SITE group said ISIS was threatening to behead another captive, a Briton it identified as David Cawthorne Haines. ISIS is currently holding two Americans and three Britons, most of them aid workers.

Mr. Sotloff, a Florida native who wrote for Time magazine and other publications, had reported on the convulsions of the Arab Spring for the last few years. His capture by ISIS was largely kept a secret for months at the request of his family.

Last Thursday, Mr. Sotloff's mother, Shirley, appealed to the leader of ISIS, Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi, the self-proclaimed caliph of the Muslim world, to grant amnesty to her son. "I ask you to use your authority to spare his life," she said in videotaped remarks seen around the world.

A person close to the Sotloff family expressed outrage at what he viewed as a pattern of deliberate leaks in Washington suggesting that Mr. Sotloff was killed the same day as Mr. Foley -- a strategy he said the family sees as an attempt to absolve the administration of inaction.

"It was incredibly frustrating for us, because it was as if basically they were saying, 'Don't hope for any positive outcome,' " said this person, who requested anonymity because he did not have the family's permission to speak publicly.

Rukmini Callimachi contributed reporting from Brussels, Rick Gladstone from New York, and Julie Hirschfeld Davis from Tallinn, Estonia.

[1] http://www.nytimes.com/2014/08/20/world/middleeast/isis-james-foley-syria-execution.html

[2] http://www.nytimes.com/2014/09/03/world/middleeast/waging-a-desperate-fight-an-iraqi-town-holds-off-militants.html